Psychology Reflective Essay
In the first place, learning is defined as a change in behaviour or potential behaviour that occurs as a result of exposure to a new situation or circumstance. It is generally agreed that there are three basic types of learning. These are: classical conditioning (learning by association), operant conditioning (learning through consequences), and observational learning (learning from direct observation). First and foremost, I learned about classical conditioning through Pavlov's and Watson's experiments, and, in my personal opinion, I must confess that I've gained a great deal of knowledge about associations with various situations that occurred during my daily routine. For example, I frequently have difficulties controlling my desire to go to the bathroom when I hear the sound of running water next to me in any location, because I believe my brain makes the association of water noise with the sensation of relief. The operant conditioning theory developed by B.F. Skinner states that behaviour is a result of the consequences of actions. It may be separated into two categories: reinforcement, which raises the likelihood of the response being repeated, and punishment, which decreases the likelihood of the response being repeated. A strengthening response can be good when something is added, and it can be negative when something is removed or avoided. As an alternative, we have punishment that decreases the likelihood that the behaviour will be repeated; it can also be positive when the behaviour decreases as a result of the addition of an aversive stimulus and negative when the behaviour decreases as a result of removing something desirable. During my childhood, I recall being encouraged and punished in a variety of scenarios by my parents, as well as by a few of the teachers I had had at the time. I used to be a person who didn't like to listen to their advice and I used to make decisions on my own, acting as if I was a reckless person in some situations. The most notable situations involving reinforcement and punishment were those with my parents, particularly with my father, who is an extremely conservative person regarding customs and behaviours. As a result, we were almost always at odds with ideas, and we were almost always in conflict with ideas. Although I believe that as a result of my personality, I have received more punishment than reinforcement, I believe that this has helped me to better understand some situations in life, and I believe that as a result, I have become a more flexible and understandable person when I have had to make any decisions or even accept any life condition. The final method is observational learning, which was developed by Albert Bandura and is concerned with learning new behaviours through seeing others. Regarding this sort of learning, I believe it is the most common in my life because I have learnt a great deal in my life by observing others, such as how to operate a computer, ride a bicycle, and play the guitar. I used to enjoy watching my father play guitar, so I decided to try to learn how to play it on my own. It turned out to be a fantastic idea because all I had to do was watch him and then go to my room to practise when I realised after a month that I was actually good at it. Despite the fact that I went through this tree learning process, I am confident in stating that the operant had the greatest impact on me as a result of my current perspective. Essay writing services of Academic Master is providing help to world wide students in their works for increasing performance.
Second, the term "development" refers to the growth of humans throughout their lives, beginning with conception and ending with death. Aiming to comprehend and explain how and why people change throughout their lives, the scientific study of human development is an ongoing endeavour. This comprises all aspects of human development, such as physical, emotional, intellectual, social, perceptual, and personality development, as well as all aspects of human progress. Developmental theories are divided into four categories. The first category is the theory of cognitive development developed by Piaget, which discusses the nature and development of human intellect. He divided his theory into four stages: the first stage is the sensorimotor stage, during which newborns and young children learn knowledge through neural contacts and the adjustment of objects; the second stage is the cognitive stage. However, I have no recollection of anything I did on this stage; however, my mother has always claimed that I sobbed excessively. After that comes the preoperational phase, in which children understand through imagination play but still struggle with thinking and taking other people's points of view. During this era, I had some memories that were not very clear, but one of them is quite amusing. I recall having a disagreement with my parents over the fact that I didn't want to share my toys with my brother, even while I wasn't playing with them at the time. Concrete operational thinking begins to develop in children at this period of development, and their reasoning can be very firm. They are usually at odds with subjective and theoretical notions at this level of development. This stage is particularly noteworthy since it is around this period that I began to be really curious about the things around me, and I used to ask my parents a plethora of questions about every single object or person that I came across.